The M12 electrical connector is a circular connector with a 12mm threaded locking mechanism. It's one of the most popular industrial connectors worldwide. Available in 3 to 8-pin configurations for power, signal, and data transmission. Features IP67/IP68/IP69K ratings for water, dust, and chemical resistance. Comes in plastic or metal housings with color-coded shells indicating function (sensors, power, Ethernet). The threaded coupling provides secure connections in high-vibration environments. Used extensively in factory automation and harsh industrial settings. Supports various protocols including Ethernet, PROFINET, and CAN bus. Smaller than M16/M23 but larger than micro connectors.